Final answer:
The correct answer is option 1) Associate degree.
Step-by-step explanation:
The degree that emphasizes a broad spectrum of topics including economics, foreign language, literature, mathematics, music, philosophy, psychology, and more, and is designed for students aiming to transfer to a four-year institution for their baccalaureate degree, is the Associate degree. This degree is usually offered at community or technical colleges and serves as a foundation for further education. Should an individual aspire to become a psychology professor at a four-year college, they would likely need to advance beyond an Associate degree, earning at least a Bachelor's degree in psychology followed by a Master's degree or most commonly a PhD.
While entering a specific career might not be the sole purpose of selecting a college major, those planning to pursue higher degrees in fields like business, management, law, or medicine typically begin with an Associate or Bachelor's degree. Following this, if the student's goal is to delve into the academia or pursue specialization in psychology, they would need to aim for higher postgraduate degrees to enhance their professional opportunities and qualifications.