Final answer:
The hazards related to ground shaking from earthquakes include tsunamis, landslides, and building collapses. These can lead to widespread devastation in affected areas, and such phenomena are often related to tectonic plate movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hazards associated with earthquakes, specifically related to ground shaking, include: tsunamis, landslides, and building collapse. Therefore, the correct answer is 4) All of the above. Earthquakes can cause severe damage due to the intense shaking of the ground, which can destabilize buildings and other infrastructure, leading to their collapse. This shaking can also trigger landslides, especially in hilly or mountainous areas where the ground may already be weakened by over-steepened slopes. Furthermore, when earthquakes occur beneath the sea, they have the potential to generate tsunamis, massive waves that carry immense amounts of water, and energy to coastal areas, leading to widespread devastation.
Most earthquakes are a result of the movement of Earth's tectonic plates, which can produce stress that is released in the form of seismic waves, causing the ground to shake. Engineers and government agencies continually work to predict earthquakes and improve building designs to minimize future damages and enhance disaster response effectiveness.