Final answer:
A long chain of simple sugars is known as a 2) polysaccharide, which is composed of multiple monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds. Starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin are examples of polysaccharides.
Step-by-step explanation:
The constituent that represents a long chain of simple sugars is known as a polysaccharide. A polysaccharide consists of multiple monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds. These long chains can be straight or branched and can be made up of various types of monosaccharides.
Polysaccharides can have a very high molecular weight, sometimes over 100,000 daltons. Primary examples include starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin, which play crucial roles in energy storage and structural support in living organisms.
Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.