Final answer:
The word "covenant" is not frequently used in the Psalms, so the statement is false. The concept of covenant in the Puritan context was a significant societal and religious idea, separate from its biblical usage. Predestination doctrine asserts that a person's divine destiny is determined at birth, making the related statement true.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the word "covenant" occurs in the vast majority of the psalms is false. While the concept of covenant is indeed crucial to the Psalter (the Book of Psalms) and the Judeo-Christian tradition at large, the actual term "covenant" does not frequently appear in the Psalms. Instead, the Psalms focus on themes like worship, praise, lament, and the relationship between God and His people.
In regards to the Puritan understanding of "covenant," it was indeed significant as it referred to a sacred agreement between the elect and God, which underpinned the social and civil bonds of their community as envisioned by John Winthrop's "city on a hill" concept. However, this understanding is distinct from the use of "covenant" as found in scriptural contexts like the Psalms.
Concerning the doctrine of predestination, it posits that the divine destiny of human souls—whether saved or da_mned—is predetermined. The statement that a person is either saved or da_mned from the time of his birth according to this doctrine is true.