Final answer:
Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe and Steven Bantu Biko were instrumental in promoting African nationalism and black consciousness in South Africa, fostering an ideology that was pivotal in the fight against apartheid according to Ngugi wa Thiong'o.
Step-by-step explanation:
Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe and Steven Bantu Biko were prominent figures in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. Sobukwe was the founder of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), and he is known for his profound speeches and writings on African nationalism. Biko was a leader in the Black Consciousness Movement, advocating for psychological liberation and pride among black South Africans. Kenyan writer Ngugi wa Thiong'o credits both Sobukwe and Biko for helping to foster the growth of African nationalism and pride, an ideology that was critical in the fight against apartheid and the colonial mindset. The acknowledgment of their contributions further highlights the influence Pan-Africanism and black consciousness had on the ideological landscape of South Africa.