Final answer:
Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman altered the American literary voice by introducing free verse and exploring themes of individuality and democracy, a reflection of the transformative time in which they lived. Their innovative styles resonated with the evolving American identity and inspired future generations of writers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Transformation in American Literary Voice
Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman revolutionized American literature by deviating from the existing literary traditions of their predecessors like Emerson, Hawthorne, and Melville. Instead of adhering to the conventional forms of poetry that were characterized by strict rhyme and meter, Dickinson and Whitman's works embraced a free verse style, which allowed for a freer expression of individuality and a deeper exploration of the American landscape and spirit. This transition reflected the broader cultural shifts taking place during their time, including the growing emphasis on democracy, individual rights, and the expansion of the American territory.
Through his poetry, Whitman celebrated the common language and experiences of the average American. His works, such as 'Song of Myself' and 'Crossing Brooklyn Ferry', demonstrated an inclusive literary style that integrated natural and urban elements, creating a tapestry of American life. Whitman's poetry also engaged with the Civil War, reflecting the zeitgeist of the era and offering a deeper, collective sense of national identity.
Dickinson's poetry, while often more introspective and abstract, also represented a significant shift by capturing the complexity of the human experience through simple yet profound language. Her unconventional punctuation and capitalization further distinguished her voice from traditional poetic norms. Together, Dickinson and Whitman paved the way for subsequent generations of American authors, encouraging a dialect that embraced the nation's rapidly changing social and political landscape.