Final answer:
Ethos, pathos, and logos are three persuasive appeals used in rhetoric. In book 9 of The Odyssey, examples of these appeals can be found in the speeches of characters such as Odysseus and the Cyclops Polyphemus.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ethos, pathos, and logos are three persuasive appeals used in rhetoric. In book 9, you can find examples of these appeals in The Odyssey by Homer. For ethos, consider Odysseus' speech to his men:
'Hear me, friends!' he cried, 'you have struggled bravely. Let us be on our way, whether home or elsewhere. Meanwhile, let us draw lots for the watches, and see who does the night's work—for it will be a long one—if that is the will of the Olympian and the eagerness of your hearts. He who is named by the fall of the lot shall lie awake and keep the others from sleeping. We on board will sleep, but when Laertes' son breaks out, we must all be on the alert to join in mêlée, and help ourselves and one another. Come, therefore—let us not wait till the morning, when Dawn shines forth, but catch at night whatever chance may bring us.'
In this quote, Odysseus appeals to ethos by using his authority as the leader to persuade his men.
For pathos, consider Odysseus' plea to the Phaeacians:
'I beg you, by your father, by your beauty, and by your courage, save me, show me more respect, and take me back to my country by means of a ship. Or, if it pleases you, leave me here in your sacred land, safe on a sandy cape sheltered from the wind, as you go to visit and watch your people—the islanders who produce fruit and grapes.'
In this quote, Odysseus appeals to the emotions of the Phaeacians, using pathos to sway them in his favor.
Lastly, for logos, consider a statement made by the Cyclops Polyphemus:
'You ask my name? Well, my name is Nobody. Nobody’s the name my mother and father and friends call me.'
In this quote, Polyphemus tries to use logic to deceive Odysseus, but Odysseus uses it to his advantage by tricking the Cyclops, appealing to logos.