Final answer:
Prior to the Nazi regime in Germany, formal anti-racist organizations were not well-documented. Individual resistance from intellectuals, journalists, and politicians existed against anti-Semitism and racial exclusion, but organized groups similar to those during the Nazi era, like the ZOB and ZZW, were not prevalent.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question explores what anti-racist organizations existed in Germany prior to the Nazi regime. Before the rise of Hitler and his anti-Semitic and racist ideologies encapsulated in Mein Kampf and the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, Germany, like much of Europe and the United States, dealt with varying degrees of anti-Semitism and racism. However, the specific query about organized resistance or anti-racist groups before the Nazi's consolidation of power is challenging as such groups were not well-documented or as formalized compared to later resistance movements during the Nazi era.Most resistance during the Weimar Republic centered around political struggles and did not necessarily explicitly organize against racial ideologies that would later become central to Nazi policies. With that said, it's important to note the resistance of certain individuals and intellectuals against rising anti-Semitism and racial doctrines; these included journalists, politicians, and members of the academic community who argued for a more inclusive and democratic society. However, these did not crystallize into formal organizations as seen in the later Jewish Combat Organization (ZOB) and Jewish Military Union (ZZW) that fought against the Nazis during World War II.In conclusion, while there were individuals and scattered opposition to racist ideologies in Germany before the Nazi takeover, the formation of formal anti-racist organizations was not prevalent or clearly documented during that period. It was the brutal enforcement of Nazi racial policies that catalyzed organized resistance both from Jews and other anti-Nazi Germans.