Final answer:
Black activists before the 1960s made various efforts such as advocating for civil rights, organizing protests, boycotting segregated establishments, and challenging discriminatory laws in court to fight for racial justice and equality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Before the 1960s, black activists made various efforts to advocate for civil rights, organize protests and demonstrations, boycott segregated establishments, and challenge discriminatory laws in court. For example, they formed organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to fight for racial justice. These activists also engaged in sit-ins, freedom rides, and marches to desegregate public spaces and register African American voters. Through their grassroots activism, they played a significant role in dismantling racial segregation and fighting for equality.