Final answer:
Brazil implemented its national affirmative action law aimed at higher education in 2012 to enhance diversity and address historical inequalities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Brazil passed a national affirmative action law aimed at higher education in the year 2012. This law was established as a means to address historical inequalities and increase the representation of minority groups in higher education. While the concept and debates surrounding affirmative action policies have been present for decades, particularly viewed through the lens of various international and American cases such as Grutter v. Bollinger and Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Brazil's own affirmative action policies are part of this global discourse on promoting diversity and remedying past discrimination.