Final answer:
The statement that increasing industrial and agricultural output was an objective of the policies implemented under Deng Xiaoping's administration in China is true. Deng's reforms under the 'Four Modernizations' focused on modernizing China's economy, improving living standards, and encouraging private enterprise.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks whether one objective of the economic policy implemented under Deng Xiaoping's administration was to increase industrial and agricultural output. The answer is true. Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms, known as the 'Four Modernizations', comprised agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology. This initiative aimed at breaking up collective farms and encouraging private business ventures, while also inviting foreign investment and opening up the country to have Chinese branches of foreign companies. The policy significantly shifted the economic landscape of China, moving away from the failures of Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward, which resulted in devastating famine due to the collectivization and artificially low food prices that suppressed farm production.
Under Deng's administration, the growth of enterprise and industry was crucial, and these economic changes led to a substantial increase in the standard of living. Economic productivity was a key goal, with changes in policy allowing private property and controlled free markets within a framework still supervised by the Communist Party, aimed at ultimately achieving a sufficient level of societal productive forces, promising the eventual emergence of communism.