Final answer:
A representation that stands for something else is a symbol, but when it's a part of a narrative with a fixed meaning, it is called an allegory. The correct answer is allegory.
Step-by-step explanation:
A story, picture, character, or idea that stands in for something else is known as a symbol. However, when such a representation has a fixed meaning and is used to express abstract ideas through characters, plots, and imagery in a more extensive narrative, it becomes an allegory. An example of an allegory is Plato's "Allegory of the Cave", which depicts the differences between knowledge and ignorance by using the visual symbols of light and darkness. On the other hand, a metaphor makes a direct comparison between two unlike things, as in "She is a sly fox", without using "like" or "as", which would be characteristic for a simile. Given the description of the question, the answer would be number 4: Allegory.