Final answer:
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an ancient literary work that explores the human condition, especially the concepts of mortality and the pursuit of a meaningful life. Gilgamesh's quest for immortality leads to personal growth and speaks to broader philosophical questions fundamental to Mesopotamian culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an ancient Mesopotamian text that addresses profound philosophical questions about the human condition, notably the inevitability of death and the pursuit of a meaningful life. The quote suggests that the gods have control over life and death, with life being their prerogative. However, Gilgamesh, the king, is encouraged to enjoy the pleasures of life that are available to humankind, acknowledging that death is the universal fate of all humans. His journey exemplifies a quest for understanding and coping with mortality, a theme that resonates throughout the work.
In the narrative, Gilgamesh is described as a ruler who, despite his early arrogance and the great feats he achieves, ultimately confronts the limits of his mortality. The loss of his close companion Enkidu deeply affects him and sparks his quest for immortality. The gods' decision to deny him eternal life and the subsequent events force him to reconcile with his own humanity and lead him to become a wiser ruler upon his return.
The text also reflects the Mesopotamian worldview, where humans were created to serve the gods through sacrifices and temples, while also living with the fear of divine retribution for perceived insufficiencies in their worship. Mesopotamian culture was characterized by a precarious existence, evident in the capricious nature of the gods and the constant environmental and social challenges that the people faced.