Final answer:
Leo Tolstoy is the author who lost his parents early in life and was known for his pessimistic view on human achievements. His novel 'War and Peace' emphasizes the role of the 'general mass of men' in shaping history, challenging the 'great man' theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The author in question is Leo Tolstoy, recognized for his profound literary contributions, often reflecting on the broad spectrum of the human condition. Tolstoy, having experienced the loss of his parents at a young age, infused his writings with a nuanced understanding of life's complexities and a critical view of man's achievements and capabilities. In his acclaimed novel War and Peace,
Tolstoy asserts that history is shaped not only by the actions of influential figures but by the collective experiences and contributions of the "general mass of men". This approach democratizes historical significance and highlights the collective agency in shaping events. Tolstoy's perspective provides an alternative view that contrasts with the traditional focus on the solitary hero or the singular great man in historical narratives. His legacy endures as one of literature's greats, with writings that continue to provoke thought and emotional resonance among readers worldwide.