Final answer:
The individual who believes that there is nothing beyond human existence and that any meaning to life must be created by the individual for himself is 3) Jean-Paul Sartre.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jean-Paul Sartre, a prominent existentialist philosopher, asserted that existence precedes essence, and individuals are condemned to be free. In his philosophical outlook, there is no inherent meaning to life, no predetermined purpose, and no divine plan. According to Sartre, humans are left in a state of radical freedom, responsible for creating their meaning and values.
He argued that existence is subjective, and individuals must define their essence through their actions and choices. Sartre's philosophy is encapsulated in the famous existentialist motto, "Existence precedes essence," reflecting the idea that individuals are not born with a predetermined purpose but must actively construct their meaning in a seemingly indifferent universe. Sartre's existentialist perspective profoundly influenced 20th-century philosophy, literature, and existential thought, emphasizing the significance of individual responsibility and autonomy in shaping the meaning of one's existence.