Final answer:
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn was a Russian novelist and historian born in Kislovodsk, Russia, known for his critique of the Soviet labor camp system in works such as 'The Gulag Archipelago.'
Step-by-step explanation:
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn was a renowned Russian novelist and historian, born on December 11, 1918, in Kislovodsk, Russia. His experiences and the turbulent times he lived through significantly shaped his writing and political views. He is best known for his novel 'The Gulag Archipelago,' which illuminates the brutalities of the Soviet labor camp system. Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970 for the ethical force with which he pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature.
His notable works include 'The First Circle' and 'Lenin in Zurich,' which combined draw a comprehensive and disturbing portrait of a society. Solzhenitsyn's sharp criticism of the Soviet regime led to his expulsion from the Soviet Union in 1974, after which he lived in the United States until his return to Russia in 1994 following the dissolution of the USSR.