Final answer:
Sophocles advanced Greek theater by adding a third actor, expanding the chorus, and focusing on complex plots and character interactions. His plays engaged audiences in reflective thought and civic education through their philosophical and moral content. His innovations in theater have influenced countless playwrights, including Shakespeare, and remain a cornerstone of drama.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sophocles was a pivotal figure in the development of Athenian theater. He is known for his contributions which significantly influenced the structure and complexity of dramatic storytelling. Among his innovations, Sophocles is renowned for increasing the chorus members from twelve to fifteen and introducing the third actor (tritagonist), broadening the dramatic range and allowing for more intricate plot development and character interactions. His enhancements also included the reduction of the chorus's role and the advancement of dialogues in favor of more narrative complexity.
His profound philosophical questions embedded within traditional mythological storylines added layers of depth to plays such as Antigone and Oedipus Rex. Sophocles's plays were not just entertainment; they probed at the moral and ethical considerations of the time, promoting reflective thought within the audiences. The impact of such plays was not just cultural but also educational, serving the dual purpose of providing catharsis as well as civic improvement through the moral lessons conveyed.
Sophocles's legacy is not confined to his period. His influence extends to the works of future playwrights, including the venerable William Shakespeare, and continues to be a foundation for understanding the essential principles of dramatic art. His works and innovations in theater set a standard for playwrights and directors for centuries to come and remain a significant part of the theatrical canon.