Final answer:
Mesopotamia, part of the Fertile Crescent, was situated in the eastern region, encompassing today's Iraq and the western parts of Iran, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mesopotamia was located in the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent. This area is present-day Iraq and the western parts of Iran. Mesopotamia, known as the Cradle of Civilization, was situated between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, flowing out of the Zagros Mountains. Renowned cities like Ur, Babylon, and Nineveh were part of this region. The Mesopotamian civilization was characterized by its advanced agricultural practices, which included irrigation and controlled flooding, as well as cultural achievements such as the invention of the wheel and the development of the cuneiform writing system.