Final answer:
Fyodor Dostoyevsky is the author who lived in pre-revolutionary or czarist Russia, known for his significant contributions to literature with works that provide insight into the Russian society of his time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The author in question who lived in pre-revolutionary or czarist Russia would be Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Dostoyevsky was an influential Russian novelist and philosopher who is renowned for his profound and complex works, often delving into themes of psychology, philosophy, and the human condition. His experience of living under czarist rule is evident in his writing, particularly in works such as 'Crime and Punishment' and 'The Brothers Karamazov', where he explores the societal conditions and personal ethics in Russia during that era.