Final Answer:
The greatest cause of death among slaves during the Middle Passage was disease, particularly dysentery and smallpox.
Step-by-step explanation
During the Middle Passage, disease emerged as the primary cause of death among enslaved individuals. The cramped and unsanitary conditions aboard slave ships facilitated the rapid spread of diseases like dysentery, smallpox, and other contagious illnesses.
These conditions were exacerbated by the lack of proper ventilation, limited access to clean water, and inadequate nutrition. The close quarters in which slaves were confined for the voyage allowed diseases to spread quickly among the captives.
Additionally, the traumatic and brutal conditions of the Middle Passage led to stress-related illnesses and mental health deterioration among the enslaved individuals.
This, combined with the physical hardships they endured, weakened their immune systems, making them more susceptible to diseases prevalent on the ships. Slaves often arrived at their destination significantly weakened, sick, or dying, further perpetuating the cycle of suffering.
The prevalence of disease during the Middle Passage was a tragic consequence of the inhumane treatment and deplorable conditions imposed on enslaved individuals, contributing significantly to the staggering loss of life during this harrowing journey.