Final answer:
Polyribosomes are associated with translation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, allowing multiple ribosomes to translate the same mRNA molecule at once, significantly increasing protein synthesis efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organism that is going to have polyribosomes associated with it for translation is any prokaryotic or eukaryotic organism. In prokaryotes, polyribosomes form as transcription occurs because transcription and translation can happen concurrently in the cytoplasm. As a result, prokaryotic cells can quickly respond to environmental signals requiring new proteins. In eukaryotic cells, although polyribosomes also form, they do so only after the RNA molecule has been fully synthesized, modified, and transported out of the nucleus because transcription and translation occur separately.
Polyribosomes, or polysomes, are structures that consist of an mRNA molecule being translated by multiple ribosomes simultaneously. This massively increases the efficiency of protein synthesis, allowing multiple copies of the same protein to be synthesized concurrently. The mRNA is read from the 5' to 3' direction, and polypeptides are synthesized from the N terminus to the C terminus. Therefore, any cell that synthesizes proteins will have associated polyribosomes during translation. A polyribosome, also known as a polysome, is a structure in which multiple ribosomes are associated with a single mRNA molecule for translation. It allows for more efficient protein synthesis as many ribosomes can simultaneously translate the mRNA in the same direction. Polyribosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but there are some differences in their formation and function.