Final answer:
Zera Yacob's morality theory is largely based on virtue ethics, which focuses on character development and the cultivation of virtue rather than the outcomes of actions or adherence to moral rules. The correct option is 3) Virtue ethics
Step-by-step explanation:
Zera Yacob's Morality Theory
Zera Yacob's morality theory is closely aligned with virtue ethics. Virtue ethics, as a normative ethical theory, emphasizes character and the cultivation of virtue through personal development.
Rather than focusing on the consequences of actions like consequentialism (utilitarianism) or adhering strictly to moral rules as in deontology, virtue ethics is concerned with the development and flourishing of individual character.
Zera Yacob is not widely discussed in contemporary Western philosophy, but in the context of Ethiopian philosophical tradition, he is known for a virtue-centered ethical system that stresses reason and the pursuit of truth as virtuous qualities.
In contrast to theories like ethical relativism, which posit that moral values are relative to cultural or individual beliefs, virtue ethics maintains that virtues are qualities that are intrinsically valuable for the flourishing of human beings.
The cultivation of virtues is seen to lead to a good life, and this cultivation of character itself is the basis of Zera Yacob's morality theory. The correct option is 3) Virtue ethics