Final answer:
Bisphosphonates are taken up by osteoclasts and target the enzyme carbonic anhydrase II, which is essential for creating the acidic environment needed for bone resorption.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bisphosphonates are taken up by osteoclasts and affect the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Osteoclasts are involved in bone resorption, a process that requires an acidic environment to digest bone matrix proteins. This environment is facilitated by the production of hydrogen ions through the action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase II. Bisphosphonates decrease osteoclast activity, which is used in the treatment of diseases like Paget's disease, by reducing bone resorption and thus decreasing the release of minerals such as calcium into the blood.