Final answer:
While the specific organization is not named, groups like the ACLU are known to fight against the death penalty for minors, support youths charged as adults, and challenge unfair sentences. The Supreme Court has limited the death penalty for minors and those with intellectual disabilities, reflecting the evolving landscape of capital punishment law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organization that works to end the death penalty for minors, provides support for minors charged as adults, and advocates against excessive sentencing and the inability of incarcerated individuals to challenge rulings is not explicitly named in the provided references. However, organizations such as the ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) are known to engage in these activities. The Supreme Court of the United States has made several rulings that affect the application of the death penalty, particularly concerning juveniles and people with intellectual disabilities. For instance, Roper v. Simmons established that a death sentence may not be imposed on juvenile offenders, reflecting a significant limitation on capital punishment.
In recent years, the Supreme Court has narrowed the application of the death penalty, prohibiting its use for defendants underage at the time of their crimes or presenting intellectual disabilities. The courts also examine the fairness and rehabilitation efficacy of the criminal justice system, considering whether harsh or long sentences effectively reduce crime or unfairly target certain groups.