Final answer:
In the Gospel of John, unlike in the Synoptic Gospels, Jesus carries the cross by himself, symbolizing a triumphant aspect. Medieval art captures this distinction with earlier representations showing a unaffected by suffering Christus triumphans, while later artworks depict a more human and suffering Christ.
Step-by-step explanation:
The accounts of Jesus carrying his cross differ among the Gospels. In the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke), Jesus is assisted by Simon of Cyrene, who is compelled to carry the cross for him. In contrast, the Gospel of John presents a depiction of Christ carrying the cross by himself on the way to Golgotha.
This manifests a different theological emphasis in John's Gospel, showcasing a triumphant and sovereign Jesus enduring his Passion.
Furthermore, the art of the medieval period reflects various views of Christ's crucifixion. Earlier medieval art often depicted a Christus triumphans, emphasizing Jesus's divinity and portraying him as largely unaffected by suffering. Later art began to illustrate a more human Christ suffering physically on the cross, thus, highlighting the very tangible and human side of the crucifixion, aligning with narratives that underscore Christ's humanity.