Final answer:
1)the struggles and resilience of African American people .The main theme of the passage is , highlighted by the literature of Hughes, Hurston, and McKay, and the history of the African American civil rights movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main theme of the given passage is most strongly aligned with the struggles and resilience of African American people. This theme is evident in the contributions of writers like Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Claude McKay who have used literature to express the difficulties and triumphs of the African-American experience. Hughes's poems celebrate the heritage and spirit of African-Americans, while Hurston's novel focuses on the tribulations of a young African-American woman.
Furthermore, the history of African American civil rights is a key component of the theme as it encompasses the fight for equality and justice. Course material emphasizing the African-American experience, including their unique challenges and perseverance during times of war to ensure America upholds its promise of freedom and equality, underscores the centrality of resilience in the face of adversity.