Final answer:
'Mfecane' refers to a period of widespread warfare and migration in southern Africa during the early 19th century. It was characterized by conflicts among various ethnic groups, with the Zulu kingdom led by Shaka at the center. The 'Mfecane' had significant social, political, and economic consequences for the affected communities.
Step-by-step explanation:
'Mfecane' is a term that refers to a period of widespread warfare and migration in southern Africa during the early 19th century. The word 'Mfecane' comes from the Zulu language and translates to 'crushing,' 'scattering,' or 'forced migration.' It was a time of intense conflicts among various ethnic groups in the region.
The 'Mfecane' was characterized by the rise of powerful Zulu leader Shaka, who sought to expand his kingdom through conquest. This expansion led to the displacement and migration of numerous ethnic groups, including the Ndebele, Swazi, Sotho, and others.
The 'Mfecane' had far-reaching social, political, and economic consequences for the affected communities. It resulted in the formation of new alliances, the creation of new states, and changes in settlement patterns. The Zulu kingdom emerged as a dominant power in the region, while other groups either migrated or formed new communities in response to the upheaval.