Final answer:
The philosophical question of whether humans have an evil side is associated with the concepts of free will and moral evil, and challenges the existence of an all-good deity alongside evil, known as the Problem of Evil.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question of whether humans have an evil side is deeply philosophical and touches on concepts of free will, the nature of evil, and the potential influence of a supreme being. In the context of humans having an evil side, it is argued that evil results from human error, which itself stems from our free will. Without free will, the argument suggests, humans would be no more than automatons or robots, incapable of moral judgment. Moral evil is typically defined as the wrongdoings that arise from human actions and decisions. The existence of evil alongside a deity who is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-good raises challenging questions, termed as the Problem of Evil, and has led to different philosophical defenses, such as theodicy which justifies the existence of evil by suggesting it serves a purpose in soul-building or testing humans.
The debate further extends into discussions about whether our actions are truly free or determined by other factors and how that influences moral responsibility. There are various philosophical applications and objections that grapple with these complex issues, including the impact of belief in determinism on moral behavior and the role of a deity in the presence of evil.