Question

In Difference and Repitition by Deleuze, he comes up with 3 syntheses of time. The first being habitus, which is the conditioning of actual experience through pre-existing material patterns for the Subject to interact with. The second is the Bergsonist coincidence of the past in the present (pure memory), and the presentation of the virtual/actual distinction over the possible/real distinction. The third is the Kantian synthesis, in which the issue with the first two syntheses is that under them the only thing which repeats in future time is the Same, or the Eternal Return as commonly interpreted from Nietzsche.

Answer 1

The question pertains to Gilles Deleuze's three syntheses of time in 'Difference and Repetition,' which engage with conceptualizations of habitus, memory, and eternity, all rooted in philosophical inquiry.

Step-by-step explanation:

The student's question involves a philosophical concept, specifically Deleuze's three syntheses of time articulated in 'Difference and Repetition.' It reflects a complex interplay between philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and ethics. Gilles Deleuze explores the nature of time and subjectivity through the lenses of habitus, memory, and eternal return.

Deleuze’s first synthesis, habitus, involves the conditioning of actual experience by pre-existing material patterns, shaping the Subject's interactions. The second synthesis draws from Bergson's idea of the past's presence in the now and the distinction of virtual and actual, over the possible and real. The third synthesis proposes a critique, from a Kantian perspective, of the first two syntheses by addressing the limitation that what repeats is merely the Same, rather than a genuinely novel emergence in time.

These concepts relate to other philosophical ideas, such as Leibniz's Psychophysical Parallelism, Derrida's différance, and Ricouer's interpretation of metaphor and narrative. Moreover, they reflect a phenomenological approach to experience, understanding human experience not through abstract ideas but via their first-person, subjective phenomena.