Final answer:
Virtue ethics differs from utilitarianism and deontology by focusing on the character and virtues of the person facing the Trolley Problem, rather than just the act or its consequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Virtue ethics, a philosophical approach that emphasizes character over rules or consequences, may offer a unique perspective on the Trolley Problem. This moral dilemma serves to test various ethical theories, including utilitarianism and deontology.
Unlike utilitarianism, which focuses on the consequences (saving a greater number of people), and deontology, which emphasizes adherence to moral rules (possibly avoiding intentional harm), virtue ethics would ask what a virtuous person would do in the situation. This involves considering factors such as compassion, responsibility, and the moral character of the person making the decision. Virtue ethics may not provide a clear answer in the Trolley Problem, as it depends heavily on the individual's virtues and the context of the situation.
When considering the scenario where flipping a switch can save five people at the cost of one person's life, virtue ethics may emphasize the importance of moral deliberation and the agent's character. It might be argued that a virtuous agent would engage in deep contemplation about the best course of action, reflecting on virtues like justice, courage, and practical wisdom. Ultimately, virtue ethics may suggest that the morality of the decision in the Trolley Problem is derived from the agent's virtuous qualities and intentions, rather than the act itself or its consequences.