Final answer:
Reformist Islamic movements emerged in the 80s as a response to the cultural forces of democratic reforms and Islamic fundamentalism. Democratic reformers pushed for a more open society, while Islamic fundamentalists sought a stricter interpretation of Islamic teachings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Reformist Islamic movements emerged in the 80s as a response to the cultural forces of democratic reforms and Islamic fundamentalism. Democratic reformers pushed for a more open society based on democratic consensus, social freedoms, and equality for women. In contrast, Islamic fundamentalists sought to uphold a stricter interpretation of Islamic teachings and resist the influence of Western culture. This rift between reformers and fundamentalists has led to conflicts and debates over the future direction of Islam in a globalized economy.