Final answer:
Alexander Pope wrote 'An Essay on Man' in 1733, utilizing heroic couplets to explore God's purpose for mankind, showcasing classical harmony in poetic form.
Step-by-step explanation:
The essay written in heroic couplets that analyzed God's purpose for 'man' was authored by Alexander Pope and is titled An Essay on Man. Composed in 1733, the work epitomizes the nuanced perspectives of the era and employs the structured form of heroic couplets, a staple of eighteenth-century poetry which brings classical qualities of balance and harmony.
Pope's impact on literature during his time was significant, as illustrated by his meticulous approaches to both manuscript and printed works, particularly with the use of 'accidentals' to influence how they were read.