Final answer:
Temporary associations in Turkana are likely to disperse and migrate to other areas with more resources during the dry season, in line with traditional nomadic gatherer-hunter and pastoralist behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the wet season, many homesteads in Turkana form temporary associations, which are likely to respond to environmental changes in ways that reflect their subsistence strategies. As the dry season progresses and resources become scarce, such associations usually have to adapt. Based on understanding of the nomadic gatherer-hunter groups and pastoral societies, the most consistent behavior is to move in response to the availability of resources. This is evident from the case of the Hadza, where movement is decided when resources become too depleted for the primary gatherers, who are women, to effectively gather food. Pastoral societies like the Bedouin practice transhumance, where they move herds between permanent settlements seasonally, which indicates a likelihood of moving to areas with more resources rather than staying together in a fixed location.
Therefore, the most probable answer to the student's question is that these temporary associations in Turkana disperse and migrate to other areas with more resources (option 3) as this aligns with traditional patterns of resource-dependent mobility found in similar societies.