Final answer:
The conversation around human nature and morality spans various theological and philosophical lenses, each with unique perspectives on the role of divine intervention, the concept of original sin, and human responsibility for moral choices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question at hand delves into the inherent sinful nature of humanity without divine intervention and the transformative power of salvation according to Christian theology. Across history and philosophy, thinkers have grappled with the concept of human nature and morality. St. Augustine attributes the fallibility of humans to original sin, insinuating that evil stems from human choices and divine love is demonstrated through Christ's redemptive sacrifice.
The existentialist perspective, on the other hand, places total responsibility on humans for their actions, ascribing a radical freedom that comes without divine intervention. Meanwhile, Plato introduces the concept of mimesis, suggesting that imperfection in the human condition is a reflection of our material existence, contrasting with the perfect world of ideas.
Joseph de Maistre, a conservative thinker, sees human nature as intrinsically depraved, only kept in check by strong societal institutions. On the contrary, the Irenaean theodicy views God as intricately involved in the process of 'soul-making', allowing for the development and growth from mere biological life to spiritual existence filled with divine love. In all these views, the presence of evil and human fallibility raises questions about the nature of morality and the role of God or the divine in determining what is good or evil.