Final answer:
2. Martin Luther King Jr. and 1. Mahatma Gandhi both advocated for direct action through nonviolent means to fight injustice, significantly impacting civil rights movements worldwide.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the listed individuals, both Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi believed in direct action to counteract injustice, employing nonviolent methods to achieve social change. Martin Luther King Jr. was a staunch advocate for civil rights in the United States and utilized various peaceful forms of protest to combat racial injustice. Through his leadership, significant strides were made towards equality, as seen with the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the wider African American Civil Rights Movement. Similarly, Gandhi's approach to combating British colonial rule in India was characterized by nonviolence and civil disobedience, paving the way for India's independence while influencing global civil rights movements.
Gandhi, the influential political activist in India, led the nonviolent struggle against British rule. Nelson Mandela, the anti-apartheid activist in South Africa, used direct action and protests to fight against racial inequality. Malcolm X, a prominent figure in the civil rights movement, advocated for self-defense and taking action against oppression.