Final answer:
The movements of the African American literary tradition are the Harlem Renaissance, the Southern Literary Renaissance, and the Black Power and Black Arts movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
- The African American literary tradition began with the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s, during which African American writers like Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, and Zora Neale Hurston focused on African-American themes and racial struggles.
- The Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s gave rise to the Southern Literary Renaissance, in which authors like Richard Wright, James Baldwin, and Ralph Ellison addressed racism and the African American experience.
- The Black Power movement and the Black Arts movement in the 1960s and 1970s produced powerful African American writers like Nikki Giovanni and Maya Angelou.
These movements helped shape a robust African American literary tradition that confronted and articulated the experiences of Black Americans.