Question

It is considered self contradictory to say that a triangular square exists. This is because it’s a ridiculous concept. It is contradictory inherently.

But why is postulating some hidden devil or angel or god controlling things in a hidden manner not considered equally ridiculous? How do we even know it’s meaningful, much less possible, for things to "magically" control things. Everything we’ve ever observed has been directly observable through the senses in one way or another.

Why do we even entertain ideas such as the brain being in a vat and not being certain that the world out there is actually real. Descartes said that we can’t be certain of anything except our own existence. But in order to not be certain of the world being real for example, wouldn’t one have to first acknowledge the mere possibility of it being a simulation? Since there’s no evidence that this is possible, why should we not be certain?

Answer 1

The concept of ruling out an evil demon or hidden controlling force is explored in philosophy as a way to challenge our understanding of reality and knowledge.

Step-by-step explanation:

Ruling out the existence of an evil demon or hidden controlling force is not considered equally ridiculous because it is a concept that falls within the realm of philosophical speculation and abstract reasoning.

While it may seem far-fetched or lacking evidence, philosophers explore these ideas as a way to challenge our understanding of reality and knowledge. The concept of a brain in a vat or the possibility of living in a simulated world is part of philosophical skepticism, which questions the reliability of our senses and the nature of our perception.

It is important to note that these ideas are not presented as literal claims of factual truth, but rather as thought experiments to stimulate critical thinking. Descartes, for example, proposed the evil demon hypothesis to establish a foundation of knowledge that cannot be doubted, allowing him to build his philosophy from a position of certainty. By considering such possibilities, philosophers aim to examine the limits of human knowledge and challenge our assumptions about reality.