Final answer:
John Locke's philosophy introduces the concept of a d. 'blank slate' or 'tabula rasa', indicating humans are born with no pre-existing knowledge and acquire understanding solely through experience.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to John Locke's philosophy, the concept associated with the idea that humans are born as a "tabula rasa" is d) Blank slate. This idea signifies that at birth, humans do not possess any pre-existing innate knowledge, concepts, or morals. Our minds start as a clean slate and only through experience do we gain knowledge and understanding of the world. This experience comes from two fundamental processes: sensation — where our senses give us information about the world, and reflection — where we think about what our senses have provided. As we go through life, these experiences lead to the formation of simple ideas which then evolve into more complex ones.
It's significant to note that this concept was a departure from the widely held belief at the time, which suggested humans had innate knowledge. Additionally, the idea of a blank slate also has implications for understanding moral and philosophical theories about the nature of the human being and the origin of knowledge — a foundational element in the philosophy of empiricism.