Final answer:
The captain initially feels profound dejection and indifference, lying injured in the dinghy after the shipwreck, but later shifts focus to survival and potential rescue.
Step-by-step explanation:
The captain's mental state during the journey in the dinghy is predominantly characterized by profound dejection and indifference due to their dire situation. Initially, the captain is deeply dejected, adopting an attitude of indifference that can overcome even the most enduring spirits when faced with overwhelming failure, such as the loss of his ship. However, as events unfold and the captain takes action, like urging the correspondent to come to the boat and maintaining the dinghy's course, there is a slight shift to focus on survival and the possibility of rescue, despite the hardships and lingering sentiments of anger and frustration at their predicament.