Question

Philosophical articles which deal with various types of untruths: lies, misrepresentations, contradictions, omissions, confabulations, delusions, hallucinations, apparitions, veiled implications, exaggerations, gaslightings, misdirections, etc.

Is there a standard reference for classifying/nosologizing these untruths?

Answer 1

There isn't a universally recognized standard reference that comprehensively classifies all types of untruths, but philosophical literature and ethical studies delve into various forms of falsehoods, exploring their nuances and implications.

Explanationr:

While there isn't a singular, widely accepted taxonomy for categorizing all forms of untruths, philosophical discourse extensively covers different facets of falsehoods. Ethical studies often analyze lies, misrepresentations, contradictions, omissions, and other forms of deception from moral, epistemological, and psychological perspectives. Various philosophical articles and books delve into the nature of these untruths, exploring their ethical implications, impact on relationships, and societal consequences.

Gaslighting, misdirections, confabulations, and hallucinations, for instance, might fall within psychological or psychiatric discussions rather than strictly philosophical ones. These phenomena involve not just falsehoods but also aspects of perception, cognition, and mental health, complicating their classification within purely philosophical realms.