Final answer:
Western philosophy often prioritizes individual autonomy and well-being, influenced by historical contexts and philosophers like Sartre, whereas Eastern thought emphasizes collectivism. The divergence between the two stems from different cultural and philosophical developments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of autonomy and well-being in different cultures traces its roots to several philosophical traditions. In Western societies, the concept of individualism is prevalent, influenced by historical contexts such as the exploration of America, which cultivated an independent spirit. This notion is exemplified in the works of existentialist philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre, who posited that freedom is inherent to human existence, making humans solely responsible for their choices and the creators of their own values.
Contrastingly, Eastern philosophies often emphasize collectivism and the importance of social harmony over individual autonomy. These differences can be seen in the collective value systems and community-focused ethics prevalent in many Asian societies. The divergence of Eastern and Western thought on autonomy and well-being can be attributed to various factors, including the different historical, cultural, and philosophical developments that shaped each region's worldview.
While Western civilization has been shaped by the individualistic ideals of the Enlightenment, the East has retained a more collectivist perspective that emphasizes communal well-being. The works of both Western and Eastern philosophers reflect these differing approaches to the concept of freedom and personal autonomy, each rooted in its unique historical and cultural contexts.