Final answer:
Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael were influential leaders who directed the Black Freedom Movement towards self-determination and empowerment, endorsing a more militant stance encapsulated by the Black Power and Black Panther movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Influence of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael
Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael were pivotal figures in shaping the new direction of the Black Freedom Movement during the 1960s. Malcolm X, once a member of the Nation of Islam, advocated for the freedom, justice, and equality of African Americans 'by any means necessary.' His views on self-determination greatly influenced the Black Power movement, and after his departure from the Nation of Islam, he continued to advocate for the empowerment of African Americans, even considering the use of violence when faced with violence. His assassination in 1965 left a void that was filled by other leaders such as Stokely Carmichael.
Stokely Carmichael emerged as one of the most famous and outspoken advocates of Black Power. His call for self-reliance and separatism, expressed with the slogan 'I'm not going to beg the white man for anything that I deserve, I'm going to take it. We need power,' encapsulated a more militant and autonomy-focused direction for the Black Freedom Movement. This approach was exemplified by the Black Panthers, a group founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, which embraced the by-any-means-necessary philosophy.
In summary, both Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael played critical roles in the evolution of the Black Freedom Movement, moving it towards a stand for self-determination, empowerment, and a willingness to challenge oppression forcefully and independently, thereby setting the stage for subsequent civil rights advocacy.