Final answer:
A person who flees their country due to war or disaster is known as a refugee. Refugees are protected under the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and face many challenges, including obtaining basic needs and employment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a person that leaves their country and escapes to another country in time of war or disaster is a refugee. A refugee is an individual who has been compelled to flee their homeland to escape dangers such as war, persecution, or natural disaster. Refugees face immense challenges, including the lack of basic necessities, separation from family, and difficulties in finding employment. As stateless individuals, refugees are protected under international law, specifically the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, which ensures their right to seek asylum. This is distinct from an internally displaced person, who has also fled their home but remains within the borders of their country.
Refugees Beyond the Nation-State
Refugees often cross international boundaries under dire circumstances, and they can create significant issues for their host countries regarding accommodations and social integration. Despite these challenges, refugees are a key focus of international humanitarian efforts, with organizations like the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) providing crucial support.