Final answer:
The correct option is 1) Faith in progress.
The term 'faith in progress' best embodies the belief in continuous improvement through science and technology. Examples include advancements in medicine, communication tech, and sustainable energy, demonstrating the role of science as a process driving progress. Nonetheless, science has limitations and cannot address non-material aspects like morality and aesthetics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that best captures the definition of faith in progress, material goods, and science as man's servant is faith in progress. This concept embodies the belief that through continuous improvement and innovation, particularly in the fields of science and technology, human society can achieve ever-greater levels of prosperity, health, and knowledge. It is characterized by a reliance on scientific knowledge to solve problems and create a better future.
Three specific examples of human endeavors based on scientific knowledge include the development of innovative healthcare treatments leading to improved medical care, the engineering of advanced communication systems like smartphones and the internet, and the design of sustainable energy solutions to combat climate change. These endeavors show how the process of science, rather than merely its knowledge base, drives progress and technological revolutions. While science is not a panacea for all societal issues, it plays a critical role in addressing many of the material challenges facing humanity.
It is important to recognize that science is also limited in its scope and cannot address non-material aspects of human experience such as morality, aesthetics, or spirituality. These domains remain outside the purview of scientific inquiry as they cannot be observed and measured in the same way as material phenomena.