Final answer:
The concept of race has historically been associated with physical traits like skin color, but anthropologists affirm that race is not a valid biological classification and is a social construction. Misunderstandings and historical prejudices have influenced notions of racial superiority. Physical human variation is a spectrum, demonstrating no clear racial boundaries.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question reflects on the notion that it is not ideologies but rather race and color that bind human beings, questioning if international relationships, like those between African and Asian countries with China, or Russia and America's closeness, are influenced by race. Historically, the concept of race has evolved to focus less on ancestry and more on physical characteristics like skin color. This has led to societal categorizations that lack a basis in biological fact. Biological anthropology, for instance, has shown that humans don't fit into discrete racial categories. Moreover, geographical distribution and social construction have played significant roles in shaping our understanding of race.
Anthropologists and geneticists argue that genetic markers for physical traits exist but do not confirm the racial categories society has constructed. If society chose to categorize people based on different genetic markers, like blood type or fingerprint patterns, our racial classifications would be entirely different. The essence of race lies in social perception and institutional practices, not biological reality.
Racial equality remains hampered by misconceptions and historical prejudices that associate skin color with superiority or inferiority. Our societies have integrated these beliefs deeply. Despite this, when looking at human histories and migrations, we see that skin color and other physical attributes gradually change across regions without clear boundaries, illustrating the spectrum of human diversity.