Final answer:
Latin America has seen several literary movements, including Modernismo, Vanguardismo, Magical Realism, and the Latin American Boom, with figures like Gabriel García Márquez infusing the literature with themes of political instability and cultural identity using elements of magical realism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The literary movements that took place in Latin America include Modernismo, Vanguardismo, Realismo mágico (Magical Realism), and the Boom latinoamericano (Latin American Boom). Notably, Gabriel García Márquez was a central figure in the Latin American "boom" period. His works, like 'One Hundred Years of Solitude', are quintessential examples of Magical Realism, intertwining the mundane with fantastical elements to reflect the complexities of Latin American life and history. This movement saw authors like Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Cortázar, Carlos Fuentes, and later Isabel Allende and Salman Rushdie, who incorporated elements of magical realism and addressed cultural and historical narratives.
Modernismo in Latin America, drawing inspiration from European Modernist movements, was marked by a rejection of traditional structures and styles, embracing a spirit of experimentation. Artists and writers who trained in European academies returned to their homelands and produced works that enunciated a distinctive Latin American identity. This period spanned from the late 1800s to mid-1900s, with artists like Joaquín Torres García and Rufino Tamayo, and the muralist movement featuring figures such as Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo, who merged color with political commentary.