Final answer:
Postmodernism and poststructuralism are philosophies that critique the idea of universal truths and structures, instead proposing that reality and truth are subjective and constructed by social, historical, and ideological forces.
Step-by-step explanation:
Relation Between Postmodernism and Poststructuralism
Postmodernism and poststructuralism are closely related philosophical viewpoints that both critique the idea of universal structures and truths. Poststructuralism, particularly associated with figures like Jacques Derrida, challenges the fixed structures of language posited by structuralism, suggesting that meanings are not definitive but are always in a state of being interpreted and reinterpreted. This leads to the postmodern view that there is no absolute truth; rather, reality is subject to individual interpretation and influence by power dynamics within society.
These philosophical orientations argue against the notion of objective reality as understood in modernism, which held that truth and structures could be definitively known and understood. Instead, postmodernism emphasizes the relativity and constructed nature of truths and realities. It suggests that what is considered to be real or true is a product of social, historical, and ideological forces rather than something inherent or natural.
Consequently, postmodernism and poststructuralism deeply impact various fields, from psychoanalysis to literary criticism, by promoting skepticism of grand narratives and encouraging a focus on more localized, subjective understandings of the world.