Final answer:
In Leo Tolstoy's 'The Death of Ivan Ilyich,' the theme of reality vs. appearance is explored. Ivan Ilyich lives a life defined by societal expectations and appearances, but as he faces death, he realizes the superficiality of his life. Tolstoy critiques the shallow society that values appearances over authentic living.
Step-by-step explanation:
Reality vs. Appearance in Ivan Ilyich
In Leo Tolstoy's novel 'The Death of Ivan Ilyich,' the theme of reality vs. appearance is prominently explored. The character of Ivan Ilyich, a high-ranking judge in Russian society, lives a life defined by societal expectations and appearances. However, as Ivan faces his imminent death, he comes to realize the superficiality of his life and the importance of living authentically.
In the novel, Ivan Ilyich is consumed with the pursuit of social status and material possessions, which are the apparent markers of success in his society. He conforms to societal expectations and puts on a facade of happiness and success to maintain his reputation. However, as Ivan's health deteriorates, he is forced to confront the reality of his life and the emptiness behind the appearances.
Through Ivan Ilyich's journey, Tolstoy explores the contrast between the superficial, appearance-based society and the deeper truths of human existence. Ivan realizes that true fulfillment and meaning come from living in alignment with one's authentic self, rather than conforming to societal expectations. The novel serves as a critique of the hypocrisy and shallowness of the appearances-driven society.