Final answer:
Mansa Musa, the ruler of the Mali Empire, is the king known for his lavish pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-1325, during which he distributed large amounts of gold, leading to economic inflation in Mediterranean cities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The king who embarked on a pilgrimage to Mecca with an impressive number of camels and an abundance of gold was Mansa Musa. He was the ruler of the Mali Empire during its golden age and is known as one of the wealthiest individuals in history. Mansa Musa's pilgrimage occurred in 1324-1325, where he traveled with 60,000 subjects, 80 camels, and vast amounts of gold.
His journey had a significant economic impact as he generously distributed gold along the way, causing inflation in the economies of Mediterranean cities such as Florence. Mansa Musa's pilgrimage not only reflects his personal piety but also the vast wealth and power of the Mali Empire during the 14th century.