Final answer:
The literary device characterized by a struggle between opposing forces is referred to as conflict. It is essential for creating tension in a story. Unlike similes or metaphors which make comparisons, or irony which deals with contradictions, conflict drives the narrative by presenting challenges to the characters.
Step-by-step explanation:
The literary device characterized by a struggle between two opposing forces is known as conflict. It is fundamental to any narrative as it provides crucial tension, driving the story forward. In literature, conflict is the major challenge that the main character faces, and without this element, a narrative would lack the tension that engages readers and encourages them to continue reading.
There are several types of conflicts within stories including but not limited to protagonist versus antagonist, protagonist versus self, protagonist versus environment, and protagonist versus society. These oppositional relationships are what create the plot's compelling elements and encourage character development.
By comparison, other literary devices like simile and metaphor involve figures of speech used for comparison, and irony involves a disconnect between expectations and reality, each serving different narrative functions that are distinct from conflict.
For instance, the conflict in Shakespeare's Hamlet is not just between Hamlet (the protagonist) and Claudius (the antagonist) but also between Hamlet and his self-doubt. This intricate weave of internal and external conflicts propels the narrative and provides depth to the characters.